Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:15 Issue: 5, 2011

Lifestyle affects human health and thus, many health problems are related to people’s lifestyles. It is also considered as a modifiable factor in Hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of hypertension which are related to lifestyle, in 24-64 year old people in Kosar region of Qazvin city. This was a case – control study, consisting of 450 people who were selected through systematic sampling. The data collection instruments were lifestyle questionnaire and data registration paper that their validity and reliability were determined by content validity and test-retest, respectively. People with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg were regarded as cases while the rest were regarded as controls. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5 using descriptive and analytical statistics. The cases and controls had statistically significant difference in term of physical activity (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001).‍ Results showed that physical activity, smoking and obesity affect the incidence of hypertension in this region. These results necessitate interventions to change lifestyle of inhabitants of this region.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates, and is caused by surfactant deficiency. Among different strategies for treatment of RDS, the INSURE method (Intubation, Surfactant, Extubation to NCPAP) has some advantages over the mechanical ventilation with surfactants administration. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of INSURE method in NICU of Mahdieh Hospital, during 2007-8. In this study, 66 preterm infant with gestational age of 25 to 32 weeks and birth weight of 600 to 1500 gram who had clinical sign of moderate to server RDS were included. These infants received surfactant by INSURE method (surfactants administration via endotracheal tube during 2-3 min and then extubation to NPCPAP). INSURE success rate was 60.6% and proved to be gestational age (p=0.019) and birth weight (p<0.001) dependent. In the INSURE success group, the need for second dose of surfactant (p<0.001), mean duration of hospital stay (p=0.035), complication of disease (p<0.001) and death (p<0.001) were less than the INSURE failure group. However no significant difference in gender, method of delivery, parity and age of surfactants administration were seen among the groups. ‍ The INSURE method reduces the use of mechanical ventilation, complications, duration of hospital stay and death in neonates with RDS.

EI (emotional intelligence) is a series of emotions, feelings, social knowledge & abilities that prepare people to adapt to the environment; it will also affect their domestic and professional performance. Considering the importance of EQ (emotional quotient) and lack of information about its quantity among the students, the purpose of this study was to investigate the EQ of students of 4th grade in different medical majors in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009. This study was comparison –based; the 90 item questionnaire of Bar-On and a personal information questionnaire were used. 400 students were selected via convenience sampling; finally, 379 questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t- test and variance analysis. The studied group consisted of 24.5% men. The highest mean EQ was found in the nursing college (with an average of 322) and the lowest was found to be in public health college (with an average of 307). The EQ of the married students was higher than the single students, whereas the EQ did not have meaningful difference among two genders, different majors and originality. ‍ The students did not have much different EQ and their overall EQ level was low; thus, EQ skills training is necessary for all groups.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional disorder and a major health problem in school age children. This problem leads to failure to thrive and behavioral changes. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of IDA and its related factors in school age children. In this descriptive study, 554 students of primary schools were randomly selected. Data was collected through a questionnaire and blood cell count. The prevalence of IDA was measured on the basis of Mentzer index (MCV/RBC) and results more than 13 was considered as IDA. 297 (53.6%) children suffered from IDA. 44.1% of the IDA patients were 7-8 years old. There was a significant relationship between IDA and low consumption of meat, nuts and egg (p value< 0.05). ‍ The high prevalence of IDA in school age children (especially primary academic years) is worrying and shows that educational programs are necessary. This study proposes the application of Mentzer index for IDA screening in susceptible children, it also emphasizes on meat, nuts and egg consumption in children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate enteral feeding solutions used in trauma patients in terms of their nutritional quality and microbial contamination. Enteral feeding solutions prepared in the hospital were collected during 3 months. Microbial counts of solutions and macronutrient contents were evaluated and compared with food tables. One sample t test was used for comparing data with the predicted values. Energy and protein contents of 27 enteral feeding solutions prepared in different days were in range of 26.04-87.25 kcal and 1.33-8.44 g/100 ml, respectively; their mean values were 59.23 ± 2.5 and 4.46 ±0.3 respectively. There was a significant difference between laboratory results and predicted values based on food tables. Coloni count of aerobic and coliform, 4 h after preparation of 22 solutions, were reported to be 2×106 ± 2.9×105 and 8.9×105 ± 6.8×105 CFU / g respectively and were much higher than FDA permitted value. ‍ The results showed that the real energy of solutions was less than the predicted values, so the energy intake of the patients is affected. In addition, these solutions had higher bacterial contamination than the allowed amount.

Smoking cessation at any age is the most effective way to reduce disease progression especially in pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Understanding the barriers against successful quit can increase the efficacy of smoking cessation programs. In this study we have evaluated the relation between successful cessation and intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome. It was a cross sectional study. During a one year course the volunteers stopped their smoking by nicotine gum under the supervision of the physician. At the end of the course the intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome was evaluated. Then the relation between smoking cessation rate and the intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome was evaluated. 298 participants were studied. 67.8% were male and 74.2% were married. The mean age of participants was 38.5±11 years. At the end of the course 45% were successful in smoking cessation. The mean score of craving in successful and unsuccessful participants was 4.6±3.7 and 8±3, respectively (p<0.001). The mean score of restlessness in successful and unsuccessful participants was 3.8±3.2 and 6.2±3.9, respectively (p=0.003). The mean score of anxiety among successful and unsuccessful participants was 3.4±3.2 and 5.4±3.6, respectively (p=0.01). There was statistical relation between intensity of some of nicotine withdrawal symptoms (anxiety, restlessness, and craving) with successful cessation. So implementation of special treatment for these signs and symptoms is valuable in smoking cessation program.

This study was carried out according to importance of body image in overweight women, and in order to compare the effect of diet therapy and narrative therapy on the body image improvement. This was a quasi experimental-interventional study. 30 overweight women were selected through randomized sampling method within women who referred to professional clinic of nutrition and diet therapy and they randomly divided to two interventions and one control group. Group 1 only received diet therapy (for 5weeks), group 2 received narrative therapy in addition to diet therapy and control group received no intervention. Narrative therapy was a group therapy that consisted of 12 sessions and each session last 50 minutes that performed twice a week. Control group received no intervention. Weight of subjects was measured with light cloths by a Seca balance scale to the nearest 0.5 kg and their height was measured by stadio-meter to 0.5 cm. Body Mass Index was calculated by dividing weight (in kg) to squared height (in m2). Data of Body Image were gathered through Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis, Tukey and paired t test using SPSS 16 software. The mean of body image at the beginning of the study in the control group, was 135.20 and it was134.60 after the intervention. In group 1, at the beginning of the study the mean was 148.1 and after the intervention was 147.50. In group 2, at the beginning of the study the mean was 150.80 and after the intervention the result was 163.90. Data analysis showed that at the end of the study diet therapy had no significant effect on developing of body image (P>0.05). But narrative therapy was more effective than diet therapy in developing of body image in overweight women (P<0.001). ‍ According to effect of narrative therapy on body image development, this method is more suitable than the other methods which have greater results in weight loss.